It is the second constitution of the state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State with a new state called "'Éire', or, in the English language, 'Ireland'" It came into force on 29 December 1937 following a national plebiscite held on 1 July 1937. The Constitution may be amended solely by a national referendum. The Constitution of Ireland is the fundamental law of Ireland. The constitution falls broadly within the tradition of liberal democracy. It establishes an independent state based on a system of representative democracy. It guarantees certain fundamental rights, along with a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament based on the Westminster system, a separation of powers and judicial review.
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