1171 Henry II of England declares himself Lord of Ireland

Henry II of England (1133 - 1189, also known as Henry Curtmantle, Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet) invaded Ireland to control Strongbow (Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, alias 'Strongbow', who he feared was becoming a threat to the stability of his own kingdom on its western fringes) and other Norman lords. In furtherance of the Norman invasion of Ireland, King Henry II of England landed at Waterford. Waterford and then Dublin were declared royal cities, with Dublin also declared capital of Ireland. In the process he accepted the fealty of the Gaelic kings at Dublin in November 1171, and he summoned the Synod of Cashel in 1172, which brought the Irish Church into conformity with English and European norms.